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Typhoon Thad (1981)
Typhoon Thad was considered the worst storm to affect Japan in two years. Originating from a monsoon trough, Typhoon Thad was first classified on August 15, 1981 and was upgraded into a tropical storm the next day. Meanwhile, Thad moved north and northeast and attained typhoon intensity midday on August 18. The next day, the storm reached its peak intensity of . On August 22, Thad accelerated northward, striking eastern Japan the next day just before weakening to a tropical storm. After passing through the country, the cyclone transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on August 23.
Thirty-one persons perished in Japan due to the typhoon and 82 others were hurt. Thad flooded 22,433 houses and demolished 112 others. Roughly 27,000 people were left homeless because of Thad. Moreover, 111,500 homeowners were without power during the height of the storm. Furthermore, the storm also destroyed 449 roads, and was responsible for 499 landslides. The cyclone inundated of farm land. Train service was interrupted in 22 lines.
==Meteorological history==
Typhoon Thad originated from an active monsoon trough several hundred miles east of the Philippines in mid-August 1981. On August 10, a weak surface circulation was first noted on satellite imagery. At that time, the center was embedded within the monsoon trough. Within five days, the system developed outflow. Midday on August 15, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) first classified the system. Based on data from Hurricane Hunters, a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert was issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) at 1800 UTC on August 15. Situated south of a subtropical ridge, the cyclone was located within a favorable environment for further development.〔 Early on August 16, the JMA upgraded the system into a tropical storm. Following an increase in organization, the JTWC upgraded the system into Tropical Depression 15 that day.〔
Initially, the depression was expected by the JTWC to move north before accelerating towards the northwest. On August 17, the JTWC upgraded the depression into a tropical storm. At this time, the agency anticipated Thad to re-curve well east of Japan. By 0000 UTC on August 18, the JTWC upgraded Thad to typhoon status as the cyclone developed a ragged eye.〔 Six hours later, the JMA followed suit. During the evening of August 18, the agency estimated that Thad reached its peak intensity of and a minimum barometric pressure of .〔 Early the next day, the JTWC estimated peak winds of . According to the JMA, Thad would maintain its peak wind speed until August 21, when the storm weakened slightly.〔 However, the JTWC suggested that Thad began to deteriorate on August 20. The next day, forecasts from the JTWC indicated that the typhoon was expected to re-curve and accelerate due to a trough located south of Japan. However, since the trough moved into the Sea of Japan instead, a subtropical ridge developed east of Typhoon Thad. On August 22, however, Thad accelerated northward in the general direction of Japan. At 0000 UTC on August 23, the JTWC downgraded Thad into a tropical storm while moving onshore in central Japan.〔 Several hours later, the JMA followed suit, even though Thad had moved well inland by that time.〔 By this time, cooler air had taken toll on the storm,〔 and that afternoon, data from both agencies indicated that Thad finished its transition into an extratropical cyclone.〔 By that time, Thad merged with a trough over the Tatar Strait.〔 However, the JMA continued monitoring the system until the morning of August 25.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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